Crunch meaning3/18/2023 Even at three or four people per square metre (0.28 or 0.37/sq ft) the risk is low however at densities of five per square metre (0.46/sq ft) the possibilities for individuals to move become limited, while at higher densities (six to seven per square metre (0.56 to 0.65/sq ft)) individuals become pressed against each other, and can be unable to move of their own volition. Even if people are moving quickly, at this density it is possible to avoid obstacles and the chance of a crowd-related incident is minimal. The average individual occupies an oval floorspace approximately 30 by 60 cm (12 by 24 in), or 0.18 square metres (1.9 sq ft) and at densities of one to two per square metre (0.093 to 0.186/sq ft) individuals can move freely without contact. One estimate is that only one in ten crowd injuries occurring in doorbuster sales are reported, while many, if not most, injuries at rock concerts go unreported. One study has calculated that there were 232 deaths and over 66,000 injuries in the ten years between 19, and it is believed by crowd scientists that such incidents are both vastly under-reported and increasing in frequency. The critical factor is crowd density rather than crowd size. Such incidents can occur at large gatherings such as sporting, commercial, social, and religious events. Such incidents are invariably the product of failures of organizations, and most major crowd disasters can be prevented by simple crowd management strategies. When a body of people reaches or exceeds the density of four to five people per square metre (0.37 to 0.46/sq ft), the pressure on each individual can cause the crowd to collapse in on itself, or become so densely packed that individuals are crushed and asphyxiated.Īt this density, a crowd can start to act like fluid, sweeping individuals around without their volition. Crowd collapses and crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded.
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